I. Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana mālama kaʻa
Wehewehe ʻoihana
ʻO ka mālama kaʻa e pili ana i ka mālama a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaʻa. Ma o nā ʻenehana ʻepekema ʻepekema, ʻike ʻia nā kaʻa hewa a nānā ʻia e hoʻopau i nā pōʻino palekana i ka manawa kūpono, i hiki ai i nā kaʻa ke mālama mau i kahi kūlana hana maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hana, hoʻemi i ka helu hemahema o nā kaʻa, a hoʻokō i nā kūlana ʻenehana a me ka hana palekana. i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka ʻāina a me ka ʻoihana.
Hui Hana Hana
1. Upstream: Hoʻolako i nā lako mālama kaʻa a me nā mea hana a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa.
2 .Midstream: Nā ʻoihana mālama kaʻa like ʻole.
3 .Downstream: Nā mea kūʻai Terminal o ka mālama kaʻa.
II. ʻIkepili o ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka ʻoihana mālama kaʻa honua a me Kina
ʻenehana patent
Ma ka pae ʻenehana patent, ʻo ka nui o nā patent i ka ʻoihana mālama kaʻa honua e mālama nei i kahi ulu ulu mau i nā makahiki i hala. Ma ka waena o 2022, ʻo ka helu kumulative o nā patent e pili ana i ka mālama kaʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa kokoke i 29,800, e hōʻike ana i kahi piʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala. Mai ka manaʻo o nā ʻāina kumu ʻenehana, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka helu o nā noi patent no ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻa ma Kina ke poʻo. I ka pau ʻana o 2021, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noi ʻenehana patent ma mua o 2,500, ka pae mua ma ka honua. ʻO ka nui o nā noi patent no ka mālama kaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kokoke i 400, ʻelua wale nō iā Kina. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻo ka nui o nā noi patent ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua he ākea nui.
Nui o ka Makeke
ʻO ka mālama kaʻa he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ka mālama kaʻa a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa ma hope. Wahi a ka hōʻiliʻili a me nā helu o Beijing Research Precision Biz Information Consulting, i ka makahiki 2021, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana mālama kaʻa honua ma mua o 535 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kahi ulu makahiki ma kahi o 10% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka manawa like ma 2020. I ka makahiki 2022, ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o ka mākeke o ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻa, kokoke i 570 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kahi ulu o 6.5% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopena. o ka makahiki i hala. Ua lohi ka ulu o ka nui o ka mākeke. Me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ka nui o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka pae hoʻokele waiwai o nā kamaʻāina e alakaʻi pū ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻolimalima no ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama kaʻa, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke mālama kaʻa. Ua wānana ʻia e piʻi ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana mālama kaʻa honua i 680 biliona kālā ʻAmelika ma 2025, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma kahi o 6.4%.
Māhele ʻĀpana
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mākeke honua, ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, a me South Korea, ua hoʻomaka koke ka mākeke aftermarket. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kā lākou mākeke mālama kaʻa a noho i kahi mākeke kiʻekiʻe loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Wahi a ka ʻikepili noiʻi mākeke, i ka hopena o 2021, ʻo ka māhele mākeke o ka mākeke mālama kaʻa i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kokoke i 30%, e lilo ia i mākeke nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka lua, ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā mākeke ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia e Kina, a ke piʻi mālie nei kā lākou māhele i ka mākeke mālama kaʻa honua. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka lua o ka mākeke o ka mākeke mālama kaʻa ʻo Kina, ʻoi aku ka nui o 15%.
Hale kuai
Wahi a nā ʻano lawelawe mālama kaʻa like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke i nā ʻano e like me ka mālama kaʻa, mālama kaʻa, nani kaʻa, a me ka hoʻololi kaʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka nui o kēlā me kēia mākeke, ma ka hopena o 2021, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke o ka mālama kaʻa ma mua o ka hapalua, a hiki i ka 52%; ukali ʻia e ka mālama kaʻa a me nā māla nani kaʻa, helu ʻia no 22% a me 16%. Aia ka hoʻololi kaʻa ma hope me ka māhele mākeke ma kahi o 6%. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻano lawelawe mālama kaʻa ʻē aʻe i hui pū ʻia no 4%.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-22-2024